Prof. Thomson Sinkala

Photo of Prof. Sinkala
Department of Mining Engineering
Associate Professor
Biography

Academic Qualifications:

  • Teknisk Doktor (Doctor of Science and Technology) (grade non-applicable) in Mining Equipment Engineering, Technical University of Luleå, Luleå, Sweden. 
  • Teknisk Licentiat (grade non-applicable) in Mining Equipment Engineering, Technical University of Luleå, Luleå, Sweden. 
  • BSc. Mineral Sciences (with distinction) - mining engineering, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia. 
  • G.C.E. Secondary School O-Level (Division One), Kantanshi Secondary School, Mufulira, Zambia. 

I have a combined experience of nearly 20 years of high quality teaching on various mining subjects in Sweden and Zambia. I have conducted internationally competitive and innovative research for which I have received awards, both in Sweden and Zambia, for a period of nearly 30 years. I have carried out academic tasks, and have led various academic responsibilities during my time at University of Lulea in Sweden and University of Zambia (UNZA) for nearly 25 years. 

Membership in Professional Bodies

  • Chairperson of Information Technology in African Business (IT@AB). (2002 - 2010).
  • Vice-Chair of the Southern African Network for Educational Technology and eLearning (2000 – 2006). 
  • Founder Member, Southern African Network for Training on the Environment (SANTREN) 
  • Member of the Governing Council, Forum for Environmental Information Network Management System (EINMS).
  • Member, Southern African Network for Air Pollution Impacts (SANAPI).
  • Member, World Mining-Tech Society (WMTS) – Sweden.
Publications

PUBLICATIONS ON MINING, AND MINING AND THE ENVIRONMENT

  1. Sinkala T. 2018. “Integrated phytomining and Ethanol Production in the Zambian Copperbelt to Minimize Mine Decontamination Costs and Environmental and Social Impacts: a review”. Jour. South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy. (Accepted for publication).
  2. Sinkala T. (2018). “Integrated Agro/phyto-mining and Bioenergy Production to Promote Zambia’s Industrialisation: a review”. In proceedings of the 2018 Engineering Institution of Zambia conference, held at Avani Victoria Falls Resort, Livingstone, Zambia, April 12–13.
  3. Weissenstein K and Sinkala T. 2011. “Soil Pollution with Heavy Metals in Mine Environments, Impact Areas of Mine Dumps Particularly of Gold- And Copper Mining Industries in Southern Africa”. Arid Ecosyst (2011) 1: 53. doi:10.1134/S2079096111010082.
  4. Sinkala T. 2010. “eLearning for Small Scale Mining Industry in Zambia“. 5th International Conference on ICT for Development, Education and Training. Mulungushi International Conference Centre, Lusaka, Zambia. May 26 – 28.
  5. Sinkala T. 2009. “A comprehensive review of mining and environment in Africa”. www.scribd.com/doc/23618617/Mining-and-Environment-in-Africa.
  6. Miller H.B., Sinkala T, Renger R, Peacock E.M, Tabor J.A., Burgess J. 2006. “Identifying Antecedent Conditions Responsible for the High Rate of Mining Injuries in Zambia”. VOL 12/NO 4, OCT/DEC.
  7. Mulenga E, Miller H B, Sinkala T, Hysong T A; Burgess J L. 2005. “Silicosis and Tuberculosis in Zambian Miners”. Int J Occup Environ Health 2005 Jul-Sep; 11(3):259-262
  8. Sinkala T. 2002. “The Mining and Minerals Sector: factors weakening its contribution to African development”. UNEP Industry and Environment. ISSN 0378-9993 Vol 25 No.1. January – March. Pp 14 – 26.
  9. Kangwa S. and Sinkala T. 2003. “Hole Deviation in Mining Operations: types, sources and effects”. The Journal of Explosives Engineering. May/June. Pp 6 - 14
  10. Kangwa S. and Sinkala T. 2003. “The Actual Cost of Hole Deviation to Mining Industry”. The Journal of Explosives Engineering. May/June. Pp 34 – 39.
  11. Sinkala T. 2002. “The Mining and Minerals Sector: factors weakening its contribution to African development”. UNEP Industry and Environment. ISSN 0378-9993 Vol 25 No.1. January – March. Pp 14 – 26.
  12. Sinkala T., Mwase E.T. and Mwala M. 2002. “Control of aquatic weeds through pollutant reduction and weed utilization: a weed management approach in the lower Kafue River of Zambia”. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of the Earth. 27 (2002). Pp 983 - 991.
  13. Sinkala T. 2002. “Mining Under-performance in Africa”. Mining Journal. August.
  14. Weissenstein K, de Villiers A.B, Fruehauf M, Sinkala T, Coettee H, Freyer K,
  15. Konig K and Warthemann G. 2000. “Mapping and Evaluation of Pollution in Mine Environments in Southern Africa using GIS and EMS”. 12th International Symposium on Computer Science for Environmental Protection 2000: environmental information for planning, politics and the public. October 4 – 6, Bonn, Germany.
  16. Sinkala T, Simukanga S, Mwase E-T, Sikazwe O.N., Kanyomeka L., Mwase M., Kasuta E., Mwala M.S., Musonda M., Nsomi C.M. and Lewanika M. 1998. "An Environmental Impact Assessment Study of the Kafue River of Zambia between Itezhi Tezhi Dam and Kafue Gorge". 4th Inter. Symp. on Environmental Geotechnology and Global Sustainable Development". Boston (Danvers), Massachusetts, USA. August 9 - 13.
  17. Sinkala T. and Masinja J. 1998. "A Review of Environmental Impact Assessments Undertaken on the Zambian Copperbelt". 4th Inter. Symp. on Environmental Geotechnology and Global Sustainable Development". Boston (Danvers), Massachusetts, USA. August 9 - 13.
  18. Sinkala T. 1996. "Gravity-Induced Hole Deviations in Percussive Drilling". Inter. Journal of Surface Mining and Reclamation, Elsevier Publishers, Holland. Vol.10(4). Pp 187 – 193.
  19. Nkandu C., Sinkala T. and Simukanga S. 1996. "Seasonal Variations in the Turbidity and Composition of Suspended Solids in the Kafue and Mwambashi Rivers and the Effect of Mining Effluent". Zambia Journal of Applied Earth Sciences, Vol.10 (1), March. ISSN 1010-5913. Pp 33 - 42.
  20. Pettersson U, Ingri J, Nkandu C and Simukamga S and Sinkala T. 1996. "Effect of Mining Activities on Sediment Profiles of the Kafue River". In Proced. Inter. Conf. Southern African Inst. Mining and Metallurgy (Western Cape Branch) - Vol 1: Minerals. July 31 - August 2, Somerset West, South Africa. pp 409 - 417.
  21. Sinkala T. 1995. "A Field Study of Sources of Hole Alignment Deviations". In Proced. Inter. Conference on Mine Planning and Equipment Selection '95. Singhal R. et al. (editors), October 13 -November 3, Calgary, Canada. pp 243 - 247.  
  22. Sinkala, T.  1994 "Supplementary Exploration Using Percussion Drilling Technique". Journal of Applied Earth Sciences, published by the Geological Society of Zambia. Vol 8 (1). Pp 57 - 67.
  23. Tan X. and Sinkala T. 1993. "Hole Deviation Study Through a Theoretical Model of Drill String Deflection". In Proced. 2nd Inter. Symp. on Mine Mechanization and Automation, Almgren G. et al. (editors), Luleå, Sweden, June 7 - 10. pp 163 - 168.
  24. Sinkala, T.  1991. "Relating drilling parameters at bit‑rock interface:  theoretical and field studies". Mining Science and Technology, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam. 12 (1991), pp 66 - 77.
  25. Sinkala, T.  1991. "Improving hole quality by automatic control of the drilling process: theoretical and field studies". Mining Science and Technology, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam. 12 (1991), pp 79 - 88.
  26. Sinkala, T.  1990. "Automatic Control of Drilling Parameters to Improve Hole Straightness". Proced. Inter. Technical Conference, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. May 2 ‑ 4. pp 57-64.
  27. Sinkala T., Wu C. and Granholm S. 1990. "Precision Drilling ‑ a prerequisite to mine automation. Proced. 14th World Mining Congress and Exhibition, Peking, China. May 14 ‑ 18. pp 775 - 782.
  28. Sinkala, T. 1990. "Towards Large Scale Mining Through Automatic Control of Drilling Parameters". Proced. 22nd Inter. Symp. on the Application of Computers and Operations Research in the Mineral Industry (APCOM), Berlin, Sept. 17 ‑ 20.
  29. Sinkala, T.  1987. "Rock and Hole Pattern Influences on Percussion Hole Deviations ‑ a field study". Proced. Inter. Conf. DRILLEX'87, 7‑10 April, Stoneleigh, Warwickshire, England. pp 161 - 174.
  30. Sinkala T.  1985. "Layers in Rock Cause Unidirectional ‑ and not Random ‑ Drill Hole Deviations". Proced. Inter. Symp. on Large Scale Underground Mining, Luleå, November 6 ‑ 7. ISBN 91‑86998‑0‑1‑8. pp 163 - 173.

REFEREED PUBLICATIONS ON BIOENERGY

  1. INTRODUCTION: Bioenergy is increasingly becoming important to mining industry because of its unique position to be applied to simultaneously minimise pollution in mines, rehabilitate degraded mine areas and diversify mining economies.
  2. Negussie A, Achten WMJ, Aerts R, Norgrove L, Sinkala T, Hermy M and Muys B. 2013. “Invasiveness risk of the tropical biofuel crop Jatropha curcas L. into adjacent land use systems: from the rumors to the experimental facts”. In GCB Bioenergy (2013) 5, 419–430, doi: 10.1111/gcbb.12011.
  3. Sinkala T, Timilsina GR and Ekanayake IJ. 2013. “Are Biofuels Economically Competitive with Their Petroleum Counterparts? Production Cost Analysis for Zambia” Policy Research Working Paper 6499, The World Bank, Development Research Group, Environment and Energy Team. June,
  4. Sinkala T. and Johnsson FX. 2011. “Small-scale production of Jatropha in Zambia and its implications for rural development and national biofuel policies”. In Bioenergy for Sustainable Development in Africa, Janssen, Rainer; Rutz, Dominik (Eds.), ISBN 978-94-007-2180-7.
  5. Cortez L, Leal MRLV, and Sinkala T. 2010. “Why biofuels are important”. In “Food versus Fuel – an informed introduction to biofuels”, Frank Rosillo-Calle and Francis X. Johnsson (Eds.), Zed Books, London and New York, ISBN 978—1-84813-383-9.

Other Publications on Mining, and Mining and the Environment

  1. Sinkala T. 2003. “Dealing with Accidents, Emergency Prevention and Preparedness in Courses at University of Zambia”. Workshop on "APELL FOR MINING" 14 May 2003 (13:30 – 18:00) Palais des Nations, Geneva, Switzerland Co-hosted by UNEP and ICMM.
  2. Sinkala T. 2003. “Dealing with Accidents, Emergency Prevention and Preparedness in Courses at University of Zambia. APELL for mining. UNEP and ICMM, Palais des Nations, Geneva, Switzerland. May 14.
  3. Sinkala T. and Mwase E.T. 2001. “Internet-based Training Raises Potential for
  4. Enhancing Environmental Management and Awareness in the SADC Region”. 7th International Conference on Technology Supported Learning and Training. November 28 – 30.
  5. Sinkala T., Mwala M. and Mwase E.T. 2000. “Control of aquatic weeds in the lower
  6. Kafue river, Zambia: the Role of Riverine Communities in the Management of Water Resources”. The WaterNet/WARFSA Symposium on Sustainable Use of Water Resources; Advances in Education and Research. Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique, 1-2 November.
  7. Sinkala T. 2000. “Opportunities for Internet-based Training in Southern Africa”. A support paper to the KEYNOTE SPEECH by Hon. Nkandu Luo, Minister of Communications and Transport, Government of the Republic of Zambia. International Conference on New Economy – an opportunity for Africa? 14 – 15 November, Berlin, Germany.
  8. Sinkala T. 2000. “Development of training modules in mining and the environment
  9. for the SADC Region”. International Conference on Environmental Regulation for Accident Prevention in Mining tailing and chemicals management. 26 – 27 October 2000, Perth, Australia. Organized by the Government of Australia and United Nations Environment Program (UNEP).
  10. Zulu P, Sinkala T and Mbewe A. 2000. “The Status of Cleaner Production in Zambia”. UNEP First Cleaner Production Roundtable for Africa. Nairobi, Kenya. Aug. 9 – 11.
  11. Sinkala T, Zierdt K and Kamlage C. 1997. "Environmental Risk Monitoring in Small Scale Mining Industry in the SADC Region". In Proc. Inter. Conf. on Small Scale to Medium Industry in African Countries. September 29 to October 1, 1997, Silversands Hotel, Dar-Es-Salaam, TANZANIA
  12. Sinkala T., Simukanga S, Mambwe H.S. and Sikazwe O.N. 1997. "Study of small scale miners activities in the Serenje and Mkushi Districts of Zambia”. Presented at the International Conference on Small Scale Mining Industry in African Countries, to held 29 Sept. – 1 Oct., Dar-Es-Salaam, Tanzania
  13. Sinkala T. 1996. "Hole Deviation Survey Methods for Magnetic and Non-Magnetic Rock Formations - a review". In Proced. Inter. Conf. on Mine Planning and Equipment Selection '96. October 22 - 25, Sao Paulo, Brazil. A.A. Balkema Publishers, Rotterdam, Netherlands. pp 525 – 529.
  14. Sinkala T. 1996. "Mine Mechanization and Automation: is SADC ready for it ?" In Proced. Inter. Conf. on Mining and Metallurgy in the Changing Environment, June 2 - 5. Harare, Zimbabwe. pp 50 - 53. Vol. 1.
  15. Sinkala T. 1995. "Promotion of Investment in Minerals Industry: inadequacies in approach to investment promotion". In Proced. Inter. Conf. on Industrial Minerals: investment opportunities in Southern Africa, 7 - 9 June, Pamodzi Hotel, Lusaka, Zambia. pp 357 - 363.
  16. Sinkala T., Granholm S., Morris J., Schunnesson H., Kumar U. and Vagenas N. 1987 "Latest Applications of Automation in Sweden". Proced. of 3rd Canadian Sympo. on Mining Automation, Montreal, Canada,  Sept. 14 ‑ 16.
  17. Sinkala, T.  1990. "Causes of Hole Alignment Deviations and Control Measures". Technical Report No. 1990:30T, G2000 90:36, ISSN 0349‑3571. Published jointly by Luleå University of Technology and the Swedish Rock Engineering Research Foundation, Sweden. 27 pages.
  18. Sinkala, T.  1989. "PRECISION DRILLING ‑ Theoretical and Field Studies.  Part I: Effects of Drilling Parameters on Hole Deviations". Research Report No. Tuleå 1989:21, G2000 89:28, ISSN 0347‑0881. Published jointly by Luleå University of Technology and the Swedish Rock Engineering Research Foundation, Sweden. 36 pages.
  19. Sinkala, T.  1989. "PRECISION DRILLING ‑ Theoretical and Field Studies. Part III: Improving Hole Straightness by Automatic Control of Drilling Parameters". Research Report NO. Tuleå 1988:22, G2000 88:29. Published jointly by Luleå University of Technology and the Swedish Rock Engineering Research Foundation, Sweden. 60 pages.
  20. Sinkala, T.  1988. "PRECISION DRILLING ‑ Theoretical and Field Studies. Part II: Relating Drilling Parameters at Bit‑Rock Contact". Research Report No. Tuleå 1988:010, G2000 88:09, ISSN 0347‑0881. Published jointly by Luleå University of Technology and the Swedish Rock Engineering Research Foundation, Sweden. 32 pages.
  21. Sinkala, T.  1988. "Drill hole deviations governed by rock structure". Published by Swedish Rock Engineering Research Foundation (BeFo) report No 141:1/88. Stockholm, Sweden. 31 pages.
  22. Sinkala, T.  1987. "Hole Deviations and Measurement Problems". Technical Report No. 1987:52T, G2000:87:10, ISSN 0349‑3571. Published jointly by Luleå University of Technology and the Swedish Rock Engineering Research Foundation. 101 pages.
  23. Sinkala T. & Shahnavaz H.  1986. "Improving the Working Conditions for the Development Operation at Mufulira Underground Mine in the Zambian   Copperbelt". Research Report No. Tuleå 1986:01. ISSN 0347‑0881. Published Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. 50 pages.
  24. Sinkala T. 1998. "Affordable Waste Management Technologies in the SADC
  25. Region as - a Case Study of Mudi River Basin Across Blantyre/Limbe City , Malawi". Southern African Regional Conference on Cleaner Production. Eskom Conference Centre, Midrand, South Africa. 11 - 13 May.
  26. Sinkala T. 1998. "Present and Past Technological Development in Relation to the Mining Industry in Zambia". 2nd National Conference on Science and technology New Fairmount Hotel, Livingstone 16 - 20  June
  27. Sinkala T. and Simukanga S. 1998. The Role of School of Mines in Regional and National Environmental Protection Endeavours An Outline of Past and On-Going Project Activities. Mining Which Way. Inter. Conf. on Mining Which Way held at School of Mines, University of Zambia, Lusaka, during the School of Mines Silver Jubilee 22 - 24 June.
  28. Sinkala T. 1997. “Technologies for Small Scale to Medium Scale Phosphate Rock Mining: applicability to Zambia". In Conference on Utilization of Local Phosphate Rock. Lusaka, Zambia.
  29. Sinkala T., Kamona F., Simukanga S. and Sikazwe O.N. 1996. "Family-Scale Gemstone Mining: results of the feasibility study in the Mkushi and Serenje districts of Zambia". In Proced.  Inter. Conf. on Mining and Metallurgy in the Changing Environment, June 2 - 5. Harare, Zimbabwe. Vol. 2. (Not arrived yet, therefore pages not known).
  30. Sinkala T. 1997. “Southern African Network for Training on the Environment – objectives and activities”. Presented at AFRICAGIS ’97, Gaborone, Botswana. June 23 – 27.
  31. Zierdt K, Chanda M.W., de Villiers B and Sinkala T. 1997. “Regional comparative analysis of impacts of mine dumps with a view to developing training courses for regional universities and training institutions”. Presented at AFRICAGIS ’97, Gaborone, Botswana. June 23 – 27.
  32. Sinkala T. and Simukanga S. 1996. "Highlights of Water Related Studies Along the Kafue River". Presented at the Workshop on Kafue River Basin. Organised by the Ministry of Local Government and Housing, Pamodzi Hotel, Lusaka, Zambia.
  33. Sinkala T. 1996. "Logical Project Framework Methodology". Presented at the Workshop on Environmental Support Programme (ESP), Organised by the World Conservation Unit (IUCN), Intercontinental Hotel, Lusaka, Zambia.
  34. Sinkala, T. 1994. "Man - machine interface". Proceedings of the Environmental Education Course, UNZA - School of Mines, December 19 - 23.
  35. Sinkala, T. and Bennett, M.  1992 "The Status and Potential of Electronic Mail in SADC Region and the Benefits to SADC Mining Community". In SADC Mining Newsletter, December issue.
  36. Sinkala, T. 1992. "Water Powered Drilling Machine". A report on new developments from exhibitions during the 15th World Mining Congress in Madrid, Spain, May 25 ‑ 29. In SADC Mining Newsletter, Dec issue.
  37. Sinkala, T.  1991. "Mining and Beneficiation: a focused and co‑ordinated approach to maximize foreign earnings and growth". Keynote speech. Inter. Confr. on African Sub‑Saharan Economy and Trade (ASSET) ‑ a scenario for a subcontinent, Mbabane, Swaziland.
  38. Sinkala, T. and Sweta, W.R.  1991. "Mechanisms of Cooperation Among Sub‑Regional and Regional Institutions in the Field of Mineral Resources to Boost African Cooperation in Mining Sector". The 4th Regional Conference on the Development and Utilization of Mineral Resources in Africa". Held in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. March 18 ‑ 27.
  39. Sinkala, T.  1991. "Mechanization and High Technology in SADC Region: an unavoidable path for competitive economic growth". Presented at Southern Africa Political Economy Series (SAPES) seminar held in Lusaka, Zambia. August 1 ‑ 3.
  40. Sinkala, T.  1991. "A New Approach to Research and Development in Zambia?". Closing speech delivered at the seminar on "Utilization of Local Phosphate Deposits for the Benefit of the Zambian Farmer", held at Siavonga, Zambia. June 1‑17.
  41. Sinkala T., Granholm S., Morris J., Schunnesson H., Kumar U. and Vagenas N. 1988. "An Overview of Mine Automation in Sweden". Proced. of 1st IFAC Workshop on Advances in Automation of Underground Hard Rock Mining, Ville d'Esterel, Quebec, Canada, September.
  42. Sinkala, T. and Granholm, S.  1987. "Precision Drilling ‑ a big step towards cost‑saving mining". Presented at Atlas Copco Seminar, Kitwe, Zambia. Aug 25 ‑ 26.
  43. Sinkala, T. 1998. "State of the Art on Water Quality of the Upper Kafue River: a literature review, 1971 - 97". Environmental Council of Zambia. April. 71 pages.
  44. Mulenga M.N., Mungomba L. and Sinkala T. 1998. "Environmental Waste Management Technologies A Guide in Short Notes ". A SANTREN Publication, University of Zambia.
  45. Zierdt K and Sinkala T. 1997. “Training in Mining and the Environment – Zambian copper belt as a case study”. A documentary magazine produced for the Carl Duisberg Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany. 19 pages.
  46. Mpande M.M., Sinkala T., Simukanga S. and Sikazwe O.N. 1997. “Assessment of Kabasa Manganese Oxide quarry and Mansa Batteries plant”. Consultancy report for Amanita Zambiana. 35 pages.
  47. Sinkala T., et al. 1997. “Control of Aquatic Weeds in the Kafue River – Phase 1: environmental impact assessment of the Kafue River Basin between Itezhi-Tezhi Dam and Kafue Gorge”. Research report, for the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources. 254 pages.
  48. Sikazwe O.N., Kanyomeka L., Sinkala T. and Milimo D. (editors). 1996. Proceedings of the Stakeholders Workshop on Environmental Impact Assessment of the Kafue River Basin between Itezhi Tezhi Dam and Kafue Gorge, held at River Motel, Kafue, November 29. 27 pages.
  49. Mpande M.M., Sinkala T., Simukanga S. and Kamona F. in conjunction with Cavmont Merchant Bank.  1996. “Evaluation of Ndola Lime”. For the Zambia Privatisation Agency. 80 pages.
  50. Nyambe I, Simukanga S and Sinkala T. (editors). 1996. Proceedings of the Workshop on Environmental Network Management in the SADC Region, held at Mukuba Hotel, Ndola, Zambia. September 30 - October 7. 97 pages.
  51. Sinkala T., Simukanga S. and Nyambe I. (editors). 1996. Environmental Training Needs in the SADC Region. Compiled for the Federal Ministry of Economic Co-operation and Development, Germany. August. 72 pages.
  52. Sinkala T., Zierdt K., Limpitlaw, Sharad M., Wright E.A. and Fey M. 1996. Development of the Interdisciplinary Training Modules in Mining and the Environment". Inception Report, September. Carl Duisberg Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany. 66 pages.
  53. Sinkala T., Zierdt K., Limpitlaw, Sharad M., Wright E.A. and Fey M. 1996. Development of the Interdisciplinary Training Modules in Mining and the Environment". METADATABASE, September. Carl Duisberg Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany. 70 pages.
  54. Sinkala T. and Schachile. 1992. "Directory of SADC Mining Equipment Manufacturers, Representatives and Services", published by the SADC - Mining Coordinating Unit, Box 32379, Lusaka. 231 pages.
  55. Sinkala T., Mtegha H., Bergström G., Skoglund B. and Suomalainen O. 1993. "Final Reports of the Sub-Projects under the Nordic Support to the SADC Mining Sector Coordinating Unit". Published by the SADC - Mining Coordinating Unit, Box 32379 Lusaka, Zambia. 101 pages.

Other Publications on Mining, and Mining and the Environment

  1. INTRODUCTION: Bioenergy is increasingly becoming important to mining industry because of its unique position to be applied to simultaneously minimise pollution in mines, rehabilitate degraded mine areas and diversify mining economies.
  2. Sinkala T. 2010. “Biofuels industry a very promising cornerstone for sustainable eLearning in Sub-Saharan Africa – Zambia as a case example”. 5th International Conference on ICT for Development, Education and Training. Mulungushi International Conference Centre, Lusaka, Zambia. May 26 – 28.
  3. Sinkala T. 2008. “Liquid Biofuels as a Viable Alternative to Fossil Fuels”. Working paper for the Global Renewable Energy Forum, jointly organised by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization and the Brazilian Ministry of Mines and Energy, Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil. 18-21 May.
  4. Mulenga C. and Sinkala T. 2008. “Report of the Tour of Liquid Biofuels Industry in Brazil”. A joint report of the Ministry Mines, Energy and Water Development and Biofuels Association of Zambia.